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- __________________________________________
- | |
- | Section 4: ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION |
- |__________________________________________|
-
-
- CONTENTS
-
- 4.1 Line Breaks
- 4.2 Justification
- 4.3 Justifying Fill
-
-
- 4.1 LINE BREAKS
-
- When processing text, the Publisher automatically inserts line breaks,
- where required, to fit the text within the column width specified by the
- user. The following tags may be used to insert a "hard" line break,
- that is, an instruction to end the current line and begin a new one,
- even if the column width has not been reached.
-
- <QD> Quad: Ends line, and justifies it using currently prescribed "rag
- setting" (justification scheme)
-
- <QC> Quad Centre: Ends line, and centre-justifies it
-
- <QJ> Quad Justify: Ends line, and justifies it left and right
-
- <QL> Quad Left: Ends line, and left-justifies it
-
- <QR> Quad Right: Ends line, and right-justifies it
-
- <Z> Zero Film Advance (at NEXT line break, starts new line on same
- baseline as current line, i.e. overprints current line)
-
- <QZ> Quad Zero: Short form for the tag sequence <Z><QL>
-
- These "Quad" tags (except <QZ>) all cause the printhead to move down
- one line space after ending and printing the current line. For example,
- if the "line leading" (the vertical distance from the baseline of one
- line of print to the baseline of the next) is currently set at 15
- points, the printhead will move down 15 points after ending and printing
- a line ended by any "Quad" tag except <QZ>.
-
- If you want the printhead to move down a distance different from the
- current line leading, you can do this by simply specifying the desired
- amount of vertical movement at the end of the "Quad" tag, in the form of
- a number and unit of measurement.
-
- Example 1: The normal line leading is 15 points, and you want to leave a
- blank line after a centered heading: to do this, place the "Quad" tag
- <QC30pt> at the end of the heading. This will center the heading, and
- then move the printhead down 30 points (two line spaces) before starting
- the next line, leaving a blank line after the heading.
-
- The amount of vertical movement specified in a "Quad" tag need not be an
- exact number of line spaces: any amount (within reason) can be
- specified, using any unit of measurement accepted by the Publisher.
-
- Example 2: You want to end and left-justify a line, then move 2 inches
- down the page before printing the next line. To do this, end the line
- with the tag <QL2in>. (If you wanted to right-justify the line and them
- move down 2 inches, the tag would be <QR2in>.)
-
- Occasionally, when preparing complicated layouts, you may want to move
- the printhead UP, instead of down, after ending a line. You can do this
- by specifying a NEGATIVE amount of vertical movement in a "Quad" tag.
- For example, the tag <QL-1.5in> will end and left-justify the current
- line, and then move the printhead up an inch and a half before starting
- the next line.
-
- "Quad" tags with distance parameters are frequently used in setting up
- forms, title pages, cover pages, advertisements, etc.
-
- 4.2 JUSTIFICATION
-
- "Justification" refers to the horizontal positioning of the lines
- within the column. In general, a full line of text with standard
- letter spacing and word spacing, will be somewhat shorter than the
- prescribed column width, and may be horizontally positioned in several
- ways, known as forms of justification, which may be selected using the
- following tags.
-
- <RR> Rag Right: Left justification only (right margin is ragged)
-
- <XR> Cancel Rag: Left and Right justification, also called "full
- justification" (neither margin is ragged)
-
- <RL> Rag Left: Right justification only (left margin is ragged)
-
- <RC> Rag Centre: Centre justification (lines are centred without length
- adjustment, both left and right margins are ragged)
-
- 4.3 JUSTIFYING FILL
-
- It is sometimes desirable (particularly in tabular presentations and the
- like) to extend a line to full column width by inserting fill characters
- at suitable locations, instead of adding or extending blank spaces, as
- in normal full justification. The publisher will perform justifying fill
- automatically, using the fill character and width (spacing) specified by
- the tag
- <leader char=n width=w> where n iis the ASCII code number of the
- desired fill character, and w is the space between fill
- characters in em-widths.
-
- EXAMPLE: <leader char=45 width=0.75> specifies the fill character as a
- hyphen `-', on .75 of an em-space.
-
- If no character or width is specified, the Publisher will use a period
- `.' on an en-width. This combination is commonly called an en-leader.
-
- Justifying Fill is invoked by inserting the tag <JF> at one or more
- locations in the line. The extra space (distance) required to fully
- justify the line will be divided equally among the occurrences of <JF>,
- and will be represented in the printed text by a row of the designated
- fill character, spaced as specified.
-
- EXAMPLE 1: the line
-
- This is<JF>a demonstration<JF>of justifying fill.<QJ>
-
- will appear in print as
-
- This is...............a demonstration...............of justifying fill.
-
- EXAMPLE 2: the line
-
- Section 4<JF>ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION<QJ>
-
- will appear in print as
-
- Section 4....................................ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION
-